In the 18th century, traders brought the sweet potato to New Guinea, where it was adopted and became a staple food. This has been correlated with the introduction of pottery, pigs, and certain fishing techniques. A major migration of Austronesian-speaking peoples to coastal regions of New Guinea took place around 500 BC. Īgriculture was independently developed in the New Guinea highlands around 7000 BC, making it one of the few areas in the world where people independently domesticated plants. Evolutionary Geneticist Svante Pääbo found that people of New Guinea share 4%–7% of their genome with the Denisovans, indicating that the ancestors of Papuans interbred in Asia with these archaic hominins. The sea levels rose and isolated New Guinea about 10,000 years ago, but Aboriginal Australians and Papuans diverged from each other genetically earlier, about 37,000 years BP. suggests that it was about 50,000 years ago that these peoples reached Sahul (the supercontinent consisting of present-day Australia and New Guinea). A 2016 study at the University of Cambridge by Christopher Klein et al. They were descendants of migrants out of Africa, in one of the early waves of human migration. Main article: History of Papua New Guinea Kerepunu women at the marketplace of Kalo, British New Guinea, 1885 Female gable image, Sawos people, Oceanic art in the Bishop Museum British annexation of southeast New Guinea in 1884Īrchaeological evidence indicates that humans first arrived in Papua New Guinea around 42,000 to 45,000 years ago.
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The name is one of several toponyms sharing similar etymologies, ultimately meaning "land of the blacks" or similar meanings, in reference to the dark skin of the inhabitants. Guinea, in its turn, is etymologically derived from the Portuguese word Guiné. In 1545, he noted the resemblance of the people to those he had earlier seen along the Guinea coast of Africa. "New Guinea" ( Nueva Guinea) was the name coined by the Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez. Papua is derived from a local term of uncertain origin.
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It is a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Pacific Community, and the Pacific Islands Forum. Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN) since 1976, and has filed its application for full membership status. Their traditional social groupings are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution, which expresses the wish for "traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society" and protects their continuing importance to local and national community life. The sovereign state is classified as a developing economy by the International Monetary Fund nearly 40% of the population are subsistence farmers, living relatively independently of the cash economy. The country is believed to be the home of many undocumented species of plants and animals. Although government estimates reported the country's population to be 9.4 million, it was reported in December 2022 that its population was in fact closer to 17 million. Most of its people live in customary communities. It is also one of the most rural countries, with only 13.25% of its population living in urban centres in 2019. There are 839 known languages of Papua New Guinea, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right.
It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. Īt the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, including nearly 60 years of Australian administration starting during World War I, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of 462,840 km 2 (178,700 sq mi). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. ˈ ɡ ɪ n i, ˈ p ɑː-/ i, also US: / ˈ p ɑː p w ə-, ˈ p ɑː p( j) ə-/ ), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG / ˈ p æ p( j) u ə .
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